Saturday, 31 October 2009
Hunger and World Poverty
About 25,000 people die every day of hunger or hunger-related causes, according to the United Nations. This is one person every three and a half seconds, as you can see on this display. Unfortunately, it is children who die most often.
Yet there is plenty of food in the world for everyone. The problem is that hungry people are trapped in severe poverty. They lack the money to buy enough food to nourish themselves. Being constantly malnourished, they become weaker and often sick. This makes them increasingly less able to work, which then makes them even poorer and hungrier. This downward spiral often continues until death for them and their families.
There are effective programs to break this spiral. For adults, there are “food for work” programs where the adults are paid with food to build schools, dig wells, make roads, and so on. This both nourishes them and builds infrastructure to end the poverty. For children, there are “food for education” programs where the children are provided with food when they attend school. Their education will help them to escape from hunger and global poverty.
Note: The world hunger map display above is representational only and does not show the names and faces of real people. The photographs are computer composites of multiple individuals
www.poverty.com
Thursday, 29 October 2009
What are you trying to communicate?
give unwanted/loose change to charity
An idea, a concept, a message a lifestyle......?
message, donation
Who are you trying to communicate to?
general public
What do you want to achieve?
to make people more aware and easy to donate money
What is already out there and how can you adapt, modify, reuse or respond to it?
there are many ways of donating money. most are pots you see in shops or people out and about raising money. some are sponsored, running/marathon of any kind.
give unwanted/loose change to charity
An idea, a concept, a message a lifestyle......?
message, donation
Who are you trying to communicate to?
general public
What do you want to achieve?
to make people more aware and easy to donate money
What is already out there and how can you adapt, modify, reuse or respond to it?
there are many ways of donating money. most are pots you see in shops or people out and about raising money. some are sponsored, running/marathon of any kind.
Tuesday, 20 October 2009
translate my coin please.
Ok, after some research i found out what the text around the british pound means. I was a bit unsure what to believe because i myself cant understand Latin, which it is btw.
'DECUS ET TUTAMAN'
- An ornament and a safeguard
'NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT'
- No-one provokes me with impunity
'PLEIDIOL WYF I'M GWLAD'
- in Welsh, True am I to my country
'DECUS ET TUTAMAN'
- An ornament and a safeguard
'NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT'
- No-one provokes me with impunity
'PLEIDIOL WYF I'M GWLAD'
- in Welsh, True am I to my country
Tuesday, 13 October 2009
Wednesday, 7 October 2009
| First Issued | 4 August 1990 (previously crowns had a face value of 25 pence) |
| Specifications | |
| Diameter | 38.61mm |
| Weight | 28.28g |
| Thickness | 2.89mm |
| Composition | Cupro-nickel ( 75% copper, 25% nickel) Collector versions have been struck in precious metals |
| Obverse Designers | Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1990-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS |
| Reverse Designers | See Table Below |
| Edge | Milled |
| First Issued | 15 June 1998 |
| Specifications | |
| Diameter | 28.4mm |
| Weight | 12.0g |
| Thickness | 2.50mm |
| Composition | |
| Outer | Nickel-Brass (76% copper, 4% nickel, 20% zinc) |
| Inner | Cupro-nickel (75% copper, 25% nickel) |
| Obverse Designers | Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS |
| Reverse Designers | See table below |
| Edge | Milled |
| Issue Date | 21 April 1983 |
| Specifications | |
| Diameter | 22.5mm |
| Weight | 9.5 g |
| Thickness | 3.15mm |
| Composition | Nickel-Brass (70% copper, 5.5% nickel, 24.5% zinc) |
| Obverse Designers | Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1983-1984 Arnold Machin 1985- 1997 Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date Ian Rank-Broadley |
| Reverse Designers | See table below |
| Edge | Milled |
| First Issued | Smaller version introduced September 1997 (Larger version introduced October 1969, demonetised in 1998) |
| Specifications (Since 1997) | |
| Diameter | 27.3mm |
| Weight | 8.0g |
| Thickness | 1.78mm |
| Composition | Cupro-nickel (75% copper, 25% nickel) |
| Obverse Designers | Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1985-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS |
| Reverse Designers | See table below |
| Edge | Plain |
| First Issued | 9 June 1982 |
| Specifications | |
| Diameter | 21.4mm |
| Weight | 5.0g |
| Thickness | 1.7mm |
| Composition | Cupro-nickel (84% copper,16% nickel) |
| Obverse Designers | Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1982-1984 Arnold Machin 1985- 1997 Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS |
| Reverse Designers | 1982-2008 - William Gardener 2008 - Matthew Dent |
| Edge | Plain |
| First Issued | Smaller version - September 1992 (Larger version introduced in 1968, demonetised in 1993) |
| Specifications (Since 1992) | |
| Diameter | 24.5mm |
| Weight | 6.5g |
| Thickness | 1.85mm |
| Composition | Cupro-nickel (75% copper, 25% nickel) |
| Obverse Designers | Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1992-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS |
| Reverse Designers | 1968-2008 - Christopher Ironside 2008 - Matthew Dent |
| Edge | Milled |
| First Issued | Smaller version - June 1990 (Larger version introduced 1968, demonetised 1990) |
| Specifications (Since 1990) | |
| Diameter | 18.0mm |
| Weight | 3.25g |
| Thickness | 1.7mm |
| Composition | Cupro-nickel (75% copper, 25% nickel) |
| Obverse Designers | Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1990-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS |
| Reverse Designers | 1968-2008 - Christopher Ironside 2008 - Matthew Dent |
| Edge | Milled |
| First Issued | 15 February 1971 |
| Specifications | |
| Diameter | 25.9mm |
| Weight | 7.12g |
| Thickness | Bronze: 1.85mm Copper-plated steel: 2.03mm |
| Composition | Bronze (97% copper, 2.5% zinc, 0.5% tin) - until September 1992 Copper-plated steel - since September 1992, except in 1998 when the 2p was made in both alloys |
| Obverse Designers | Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1971-1984 Arnold Machin 1985-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS |
| Reverse Designers | 1971-2008 - Christopher Ironside 2008 - Matthew Dent |
| Edge | Plain |
| First Issued | 15 February 1971 |
| Specifications | |
| Diameter | 20.3mm |
| Weight | 3.56g |
| Thickness | Bronze: 1.52mm Copper-plated steel: 1.65mm |
| Composition | Bronze (97% copper, 2.5% zinc, 0.5% tin) - until September 1992 Copper-plated steel - since September 1992 |
| Obverse Designers | Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1971-1984 Arnold Machin 1985-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS |
| Reverse Designers | 1971-2008 - Christopher Ironside 2008 - Matthew Dent |
| Edge | Plain |
www.royalmint.com
Background Information
The United Kingdom 1p coin was one of three new coins introduced into general circulation on the 15 February 1971 when the United Kingdom adopted a new decimal currency system. The other two new coins were the 1/2p and 2p coins.
To avoid confusion between the old and new coinage all three coins had the word 'NEW' incorporated into the reverse design. This was later removed in 1982.
The first copper-plated steel 1p coins were struck in 1992. The reason for this change was the increase in the price of metals on the world markets. The coins have a mild steel core and are electroplated with copper - consequently they are magnetic.
The 1p coin is legal tender for amounts up to 20p.
Background Information
The United Kingdom 2p coin was introduced on the 15 February 1971 with the introduction of a new decimal currency system. The other two coins issued at this time were the 1/2p and 1p coins.
To avoid confusion between the old and new coinage all three coins had the word 'NEW' incorporated into the reverse design. This was subsequently removed in 1982.
The first copper-plated steel 2p coins were struck in 1992. The reason for this change was the increase in the price of metals on the world markets. The coins have a mild steel core and are electroplated with copper - consequently they are magnetic.
The 2p coin is legal tender for amounts up to 20p.
Background Information
With the introduction of the decimal coinage in 1971 the pre-decimal one shilling coin was re-denominated as a 5p coin and these old shilling coins continued to circulate alongside the 5p coin until 1990.
After a review of the United Kingdom coinage in 1987, the Government announced its intention to issue a smaller 5p coin.
The 5p coin is legal tender for amounts up to £5.
Background Information
With the introduction of the decimal coinage in 1971 the pre-decimal two shilling coin was redenominated as a 10p piece and these two shilling coins continued to circulate alongside the 10p coins until 1993.
After a review of the United Kingdom coinage in 1987, the Government announced its intention to issue a smaller 10p coin.
The smaller coin was issued on 30 September 1992 and as at 31 December 2005 there were an estimated 1,587 million 10p coins in circulation.
The 10p coin is legal tender for amounts up to £5.
Background Information
By the end of the 1970's it had become apparent that the new decimal coinage was in need of change because it was widely regarded as much too heavy. After a review of the coinage, it was proposed that the introduction of a 20p piece would substantially reduce the weight of coins in the system by decreasing the number of 10p coins in use.
To help identification and avoid confusion with similar sized coins the 20p is seven sided and like the 50p an equilateral curve heptagon. The shape, with its constant rolling diameter, means that it is readily acceptable in vending machines.
The 20p coin is legal tender for amounts up to £10.
Background Information
In October 1969 the 50p joined the 5p (shilling) and 10p (florin) coins in circulation, leaving only the three copper coins to be introduced on 15 February 1971 to complete the new series of decimal coins. The design on the reverse of the 50p coin features a symbol of Britannia that has appeared on our coinage since 1672. While this design may have been traditional, the shape of the new 50p coin, an equilateral curve heptagon, was revolutionary. This made it easily distinguishable from round coins both by feel and by sight, while its constant breadth allowed it to roll in vending machines.
With the introduction of smaller 5p and 10p coins in 1990 and 1992 respectively, the 50p became the largest coin in circulation. In October 1994 the Government announced a further review of the United Kingdom coinage. The results revealed a requirement for a smaller 50p coin, which was duly introduced on 1 September 1997.
Since its issue the 50p has been used on several occasions to celebrate important events, each being commemorated by a new reverse design.
The 50p is legal tender for amounts up to £10.
Background
The United Kingdom coinage is kept under constant review. By 1980 it had become apparent that with the general decline in purchasing power, the £1 unit of currency was more appropriate to a coin than a banknote. The note was in constant use on average lasting only nine months, whereas a coin can last as long as forty years or more and with the growth in the vending industry it was felt that a coin would be more useful.
After consultation with many groups including retailers and special interest groups, the Government announced on 31 July 1981 that a new £1 coin that was to be issued on 21 April 1983.
To make it easy to identify, the £1 coin is thicker than other coins while the 'yellow' colour allowed it to stand out from the cupro-nickel 'silver' coins already in circulation. The weight of the coin was decided largely on the grounds of cost and the need to allow for higher denomination coins in due course.
The reverse designs represent the United Kingdom and its four constituent parts - Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England. The first series of designs took floral emblems as its theme, while the second series was heraldic in approach
The £1 coin is legal tender for any amount.
Background Information
The first £2 coins
The first base metal £2 coin was issued in the United Kingdom in 1986 to commemorate the Thirteenth Commonwealth Games which that year were held in Scotland. Commemorative £2 coins continued to be issued in single colour nickel-brass for special occasions.
The introduction of the bi-colour £2 coin
After a review of the United Kingdom coinage in 1994, it emerged that there was a requirement for a general circulation £2 coin. A consultation process took place with the vending machine industry, members of the public and special interest groups such as the RNIB and Age Concern. The consensus of opinion from the consultation favoured a bi-colour coin because it would be easily distinguishable from the other coins in circulation.
A new design was required for the reverse and it was decided to proceed by way of a competition open to members of the general public. The winning artist, Bruce Rushin, an art teacher from Norfolk, based his design on a series of concentric circles telling the story, through symbolic devices, of technological development from the Iron Age to the Industrial Revolution and from the Computer Age to the Internet.
An appropriate edge inscription had to be chosen before the recommended design could be submitted to the Chancellor of the Exchequer and then to the Queen for approval. The words that were eventually chosen were taken from a letter written in 1676 by Isaac Newton to his fellow scientist Robert Hooke, acknowledging the debt he owed to others, 'if I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants'
Originally the intention was to issue the £2 coin in November 1997 and millions of coins were struck with the Raphael Maklouf portrait of the Queen on the obverse in readiness for launch. Concerns, however, emerged from the vending industry prior to the issue date. Production was placed on hold whilst further tests were carried out and resumed in 1998, featuring the new portrait of the Queen by Ian Rank-Broadley on the obverse.
The £2 coin was eventually launched on 15 June 1998, when millions of both versions of the coin were released. Because of the two different portraits, however, many confusing stories have arisen. The most common misconception is that the £2 coin bearing the Raphael Maklouf portrait of the Queen in which she is wearing a necklace, was made in very modest numbers, Since millions of these coins were minted this is simply not the case.
The £2 coin is legal tender for any amount.
Background Information
The £5 crown piece is issued to commemorate special occasions of national importance. These coins are not intended to be a permanent feature of the United Kingdom circulation coinage, rather they are intended as souvenirs.
In its present form, the cupro-nickel crown has a face value of £5 it was increased to this value from 25p in 1990. This increase gives the coin a value consistent with its weight and size in relation to present range of coins.
Each new crown issue is authorised by Royal Proclamation, as required by the Coinage Act of 1971. A crown therefore has legal tender status, but since it is not a circulation coin, most retailers will refuse to accept it. In recognition, however, that some people may wish to exchange a crown piece given or purchased as a souvenir, post offices have agreed to accept crowns in exchange for goods and services.
www.royalmint.com
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