Design Context

First Issued	4 August 1990 (previously crowns had a face value of 25 pence)
Specifications
Diameter	38.61mm
Weight	28.28g
Thickness	2.89mm
Composition	Cupro-nickel ( 75% copper, 25% nickel) Collector versions have been struck in precious metals
Obverse Designers	Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1990-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS
Reverse Designers	See Table Below
Edge	Milled

First Issued	15 June 1998
Specifications
Diameter	28.4mm
Weight	12.0g
Thickness	2.50mm
Composition
Outer	Nickel-Brass (76% copper, 4% nickel, 20% zinc)
Inner	Cupro-nickel (75% copper, 25% nickel)
Obverse Designers	Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS
Reverse Designers	See table below
Edge	Milled

Issue Date	21 April 1983
Specifications
Diameter	22.5mm
Weight	9.5 g
Thickness	3.15mm
Composition	Nickel-Brass (70% copper, 5.5% nickel, 24.5% zinc)
Obverse Designers	Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1983-1984 Arnold Machin 1985- 1997 Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date Ian Rank-Broadley
Reverse Designers	See table below
Edge	Milled

First Issued	Smaller version introduced September 1997 (Larger version introduced October 1969, demonetised in 1998)
Specifications (Since 1997)
Diameter	27.3mm
Weight	8.0g
Thickness	1.78mm
Composition	Cupro-nickel (75% copper, 25% nickel)
Obverse Designers	Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1985-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS
Reverse Designers	See table below
Edge	Plain

First Issued	9 June 1982
Specifications
Diameter	21.4mm
Weight	5.0g
Thickness	1.7mm
Composition	Cupro-nickel (84% copper,16% nickel)
Obverse Designers	Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1982-1984 Arnold Machin 1985- 1997 Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS
Reverse Designers	1982-2008 - William Gardener 2008 - Matthew Dent
Edge	Plain

First Issued	Smaller version - September 1992 (Larger version introduced in 1968, demonetised in 1993)
Specifications (Since 1992)
Diameter	24.5mm
Weight	6.5g
Thickness	1.85mm
Composition	Cupro-nickel (75% copper, 25% nickel)
Obverse Designers	Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1992-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS
Reverse Designers	1968-2008 - Christopher Ironside 2008 - Matthew Dent
Edge	Milled

First Issued	Smaller version - June 1990 (Larger version introduced 1968, demonetised 1990)
Specifications (Since 1990)
Diameter	18.0mm
Weight	3.25g
Thickness	1.7mm
Composition	Cupro-nickel (75% copper, 25% nickel)
Obverse Designers	Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1990-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS
Reverse Designers	1968-2008 - Christopher Ironside 2008 - Matthew Dent
Edge	Milled

First Issued	15 February 1971
Specifications
Diameter	25.9mm
Weight	7.12g
Thickness	Bronze: 1.85mm Copper-plated steel: 2.03mm
Composition	Bronze (97% copper, 2.5% zinc, 0.5% tin) - until September 1992 Copper-plated steel - since September 1992, except in 1998 when the 2p was made in both alloys
Obverse Designers	Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1971-1984 Arnold Machin 1985-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS
Reverse Designers	1971-2008 - Christopher Ironside 2008 - Matthew Dent
Edge	Plain

First Issued	15 February 1971
Specifications
Diameter	20.3mm
Weight	3.56g
Thickness	Bronze: 1.52mm Copper-plated steel: 1.65mm
Composition	Bronze (97% copper, 2.5% zinc, 0.5% tin) - until September 1992 Copper-plated steel - since September 1992
Obverse Designers	Portrait of Her Majesty the Queen 1971-1984 Arnold Machin 1985-1997 - Raphael Maklouf 1998 to date - Ian Rank-Broadley FRBS
Reverse Designers	1971-2008 - Christopher Ironside 2008 - Matthew Dent
Edge	Plain

www.royalmint.com